Operators

You can use the following operators in calculated fields. Insights uses the standard order of operations, which is parentheses, exponents, multiplication, division, addition, and subtraction (PEMDAS). Equal (=) and not equal (<>) comparisons are case-sensitive.

  • Addition (+)

  • Subtraction (−)

  • Multiplication (*)

  • Division (/)

  • Modulo (%) – See also mod() in the below list.

  • Power (^) – See also exp() in the below list.

  • Equal (=)

  • Not equal (<>)

  • Greater than (>)

  • Greater than or equal to (>=)

  • Less than (<)

  • Less than or equal to (<=)

  • AND

  • OR

  • NOT

Insights supports applying the following mathematical functions to an expression.

  • Mod(number, divisor) – Finds the remainder after dividing a number by a divisor.

  • Log(expression) – Returns the base 10 logarithm of a given expression.

  • Ln(expression) – Returns the natural logarithm of a given expression.

  • Abs(expression) – Returns the absolute value of a given expression.

  • Sqrt(expression) – Returns the square root of a given expression.

  • Exp(expression) – Returns the base of natural log e raised to the power of a given expression.

To make lengthy calculations easier to read, you can use parentheses to clarify groupings and precedence in calculations. In the following statement, you do not need parentheses. The multiplication statement is processed first, and then the result is added to five, returning a value of 26. However, parentheses make the statement easier to read and maintain.

5 + (7 * 3)

Because parentheses are first in the order of operations, you can change the order in which other operators are applied. For example, in the following statement the addition statement is processed first, and then the result is multiplied by three, returning a value of 36.

(5 + 7) * 3

EXAMPLE   The following example uses multiple arithmetic operators to determine a sales total after discount.
(Quantity * Amount) - Discount

EXAMPLE   (=) equal
Using = performs a case-sensitive comparison of values. Rows where the comparison is TRUE are included in the result set. In the following example, rows where the Region field is South are included in the results. If the Region is south, these rows are excluded.
Region = 'South'
In the following example, the comparison evaluates to FALSE.
Region = 'south'
The following example shows a comparison that converts Region to all uppercase (SOUTH), and compares it to SOUTH. This returns rows where the region is south, South, or SOUTH.
toUpper(Region) = 'SOUTH'

EXAMPLE    (<>)
The not equal symbol <> means less than or greater than.
So, if we say x<>1, then we are saying if x is less than 1 OR if x is greater than 1. Both < and > are evaluated together. In other words, if x is any value except 1. Or, x is not equal to 1. Use <>, not !=.
The following example compares Status Code to a numeric value. This returns rows where the Status Code is not equal to 1.
statusCode <> 1
The following example compares multiple statusCode values. In this case, active records have activeFlag = 1. This example returns rows where one of the following applies:
For active records, show rows where the status isn't 1 or 2
For inactive records, show rows where the status is 99 or -1

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( activeFlag = 1 AND (statusCode <> 1 AND statusCode <> 2) )
OR
( activeFlag = 0 AND (statusCode= 99 OR statusCode= -1) )

EXAMPLE   (^)
The power symbol ^ means to the power of. You can use the power operator with any numeric field with any valid exponent.
The following example is a simple expression of 2 to the power of 4 or (2 * 2 * 2 * 2). This returns a value of 16.
2^4
The following example computes the square root of the revenue field.
revenue^0.5

EXAMPLE   AND, OR, and NOT
The following example uses AND, OR, and NOT to compare multiple expressions. It does this by using conditional operators to tag top customers NOT in Washington or Oregon with a special promotion, who made more than 10 orders. If no values are returned, the value 'n/a' is used.
ifelse(( (NOT (State = 'WA' OR State = 'OR')) AND Orders > 10), 'Special Promotion XYZ', 'n/a')

EXAMPLE   Creating comparison lists like "in" or "not in"
This example uses operators to create a comparison to find values that exist, or do not exist, in a specified list of values.
The following example compares promoCode a specified list of values. This example returns rows where the promoCode is in the list (1, 2, 3).

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promoCode    = 1
OR promoCode = 2
OR promoCode = 3

The following example compares promoCode a specified list of values. This example returns rows where the promoCode is NOT in the list (1, 2, 3).

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NOT(promoCode = 1
OR promoCode  = 2
OR promoCode  = 3
)

Another way to express this is to provide a list where the promoCode is not equal to any items in the list.

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promoCode     <> 1
AND promoCode <> 2
AND promoCode <> 3

EXAMPLE   Creating a "between" comparison
This example uses comparison operators to create a comparison showing values that exist between one value and another.
The following example examines OrderDate and returns rows where the OrderDate is between the first day and last day of 2016. In this case, we want the first and last day included, so we use "or equal to" on the comparison operators.
OrderDate >= "1/1/2016" AND OrderDate <= "12/31/2016"